/execute as @a unless entity @s[nbt={Inventory:[{id:"minecraft:oak_button",Slot:103b}]}] run replaceitem entity @s armor.head oak_button{AttributeModifiers:[{AttributeName:"generic.maxHealth",Name:"health",Amount:-19,UUIDMost:111,UUIDLeast:222,Slot:"head"}]} 1
1.13.2 기준